India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, in his preface to the Report of the Committee, published in 1955, wrote: "They (different calendars) represent past political divisions in the country. The task was further complicated by the integration of those calendars with religion and local sentiments. The Committee had to undertake a detailed study of thirty different calendars prevalent in different parts of the country. The task before the Committee was to prepare an accurate calendar based on scientific study, which could be adopted uniformly throughout India. It was Saha's effort, which led to the formation of the Committee. Senior Indian Astrophysicist Meghnad Saha was the head of the Calendar Reform Committee under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Kushana king Kanishka is believed to have created the calendar that came to be known as the Saka Calendar. To determine leap years, add 78 to the Saka year – if the result is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar, then the Saka year is a leap year as well. Years are counted in the Saka era, which starts its year 0 in the year 78 of the Common Era.
Of India has Sunday to Saturday as the week. The first day of the week is Ravivara (Sunday). The names of the months are derived from older, Buddhist lunisolar calendar, so variations in spelling exist, and there is a possible source of confusion as to what calendar a date belongs to. The months in the first half of the year all have 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the ecliptic at this time. Chaitra has 30 days and starts on March 22, except in leap years, when it has 31 days and starts on March 21. The calendar months follow the signs of the tropical zodiac rather than the sidereal zodiac normally used with the Hindu and Buddhist calendars.Ĭhaitra is the first month of the calendar.
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